Tool Wear Types
Tool Wear Types
(Ⅰ)
Tool wear types mainly includes:
1. Mechanical wear:
(1) This tool wear type is also called Abrasion wear or Hard spots wear.
(2) What makes router bits wear out:
① The tiny hard inclusion, impurities and sticking chips, which are on the workpiece surface, cut stria on the router bits surface.
Tool wear is caused by mechanical abrasion.
a) The hard inclusion includes: Carbide, oxide, resin, quartz sand, knot, cement materials, etc.
b) Impurities includes: sand, scale, etc.
② Tool wear is caused by strong friction among
a) Cutting and rack face of solid carbide bit.
b) The elastic deformation of workpiece machined surface and rear face of CNC bits.
(3) When the cutting temperature is not high (such cutting intermittently), or running at lower speed, the mechanical damage by friction is the major cause of tool wear.
2. Tool wear is caused by router cutters themselves:
(1) Router bit types and materials.
① Tool materials are the radical factor which determine cutting performance.
② Different types of router bits have great influence on processing efficiency, machining quality, processing cost and tool life.
③ Usually, the harder tool material, the better durability.
The harder tool materials, the lower impact toughness and the more brittle materials are.
So, hardness and toughness is a pair of contradictory, which is also a key need to overcome.
(2) Cutting parameters: includes cnc spindle speed, feed speed, path space, depth, etc.
(3) Cutting direction.
(4) Cut way.
3. Chemical corrosion of tool wear types:
It results from:
(1) At a certain temperature, surrounding medium of cutting area, such as the air, cutting fluids, tannins, acetic acid, multivariate phenolic compounds, and so on, occurs chemical reaction with cnc cutters materials.
Then, will form some loose and fragile compound.
Such compound is easily cut, damaged or taken away.
Therefore, spiral router bit wear out.
(2) Ball end mill cutter is subject to oxychlorination corrosion with wood components (for example, water solution, weak organic acid, multiple phenolic compounds, curing agent added during sizing process on chipboard and MDF).
4. Adhesion wear of tool wear types:
(1) Under high temperature and high pressure, it will happen adhesive and adsorptive phenomenon between cnc cutter and workpiece materials; and part of cut materials are taken away by cutting, which will cause adhesion wear.
(2) Adhesion wear is related to cutting temperature, which is also related to the affinity between work piece materials and tool materials.
Besides Tool Wear Types (Ⅰ), you may also interest in:
Types of Tool Wear (Ⅱ).
News for Monday 17 November, 2014
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